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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long track record of robust response, good tolerance, and safety over the life span. It's important to find the right dosage and medication that eases your child's or your own symptoms without causing side consequences. It usually takes a lot of trial and error, as well as regular dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that boost activity in the central nervous system. They are extensively used as performance enhancement and cognitive enhancers by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. The most popular stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours. They can cause sudden, temporary decrease in energy called a crash once they have worn off. The crash can cause severe mood swings, hunger, and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is especially true when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medications are designed to release its active ingredients over the course of 8-16 hours. Your doctor may suggest this kind of medication if you are looking for lasting symptom control and do not need to take a pill several times per day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch known as Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This type of medication is usually prescribed to adults with ADHD who require a daily dose that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can assist manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine, by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows for the release of more neurotransmitters, which improves the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors can prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One of the groups, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is a great option for people who have depression or anxiety. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor may switch between stimulant and non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't working or has intolerable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants aid in the treatment of 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce symptoms like the tendency to fidget and talk over others. They also help improve the social skills of employees and improve their performance. Stimulant medications start working once they cross the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. medication for adults with add boost the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells which reduces the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain one of two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger negative side effects, such as nausea and loss of appetite. They can also cause increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics worse, and they may cause problems sleeping in some people. Long-acting stimulants like Strattera or Wellbutrin, are effective all day and night. Short-acting medications are only effective for a few hours. They can also aid with other conditions like depression or anxiety. These medications work by changing the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine in the brain and other neurotransmitters. These chemicals stay in the body for longer if not broken down. This can impact your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medicines can cause fewer side effects, and your doctor may prescribe smaller doses that you consume throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can consume once daily. This can be more convenient for some adults, however it's important to that you take them each day. SSRIs and other medications have been proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. These are usually prescribed to treat anxiety or depression however, they can be prescribed for ADHD, and about 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been shown to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These medications can cause severe side effects like ringing in the ears anxiety, changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in certain people. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals help people control their behavior and focus. They are available in many varieties, and each has its own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications that are methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but differ in the duration of their action. The methylphenidates produce less lasting effects that can last for up to three hours, while the amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Certain individuals are better in their ability to take stimulant drugs that have a long-acting effect than those with short-acting stimulants and therefore, your doctor might prescribe this type. It is essential to know everything you can about the medication and its potential side effects, how often it should be taken, and any warnings specific to the medication that should be observed. This will make it easier to collaborate with your doctor to determine the best dosage and medication for you. You should also understand that these medications may cause certain negative adverse effects, like difficulty sleeping or loss of appetite. Consult your physician when you experience these side effects. You may need to adjust the dosage or try another drug. Adults with ADHD who don't respond to stimulants well are treated with nonstimulant medication. These drugs take longer to work but improve the ability to pay attention and to manage impulses. These drugs may be prescribed either in combination or on their own. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the way we behave. Guanfacine, also known as Intuniv, belongs to the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. They block the reuptake of brain chemicals and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was initially developed to treat high blood pressure, has now been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. These include stimulants and depressant drugs such as the guanfacine and clonidine. These drugs are calming for the brain and can reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also help prevent withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. This combination can be dangerous but only should it not be used correctly. Combining two stimulants at same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is an emergency drug that occurs when the body has too excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure are at a greater chance of experiencing adverse reactions from this drug. Combinations of stimulants are increasingly being used by teens and young adults. These substances are often referred to as “legal highs” and are readily available in pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances can be dangerous particularly when they are mixed with alcohol or other drugs. This is referred to as polydrug usage and can be very dangerous. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictably harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slower breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, and addiction. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy when it comes to treating ADHD according to an investigation. Combining medications helped improve adherence and helped patients achieve better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment because of side effects. In some cases the medication was stopped due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. They can be effective in enhancing attention span and impulse regulation however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are also less likely to suppress growth and alter appetite. Some antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a lower chance of improving focus and concentration. Several studies have shown that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve the adherence of patients and decreased side effects for most people. The combination was beneficial for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable treatment for children suffering from severe ADHD.